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XHTML is "a reformulation of the three HTML 4 document types as applications of XML 1.0".[1] The W3C also continues to maintain the HTML 4.01 Recommendation and the specifications for HTML5 and XHTML5 are being actively developed. In the current XHTML 1.0 Recommendation document, as published and revised to August 2002, the W3C comments that, "The XHTML family is the next step in the evolution of the Internet. By migrating to XHTML today, content developers can enter the XML world with all of its attendant benefits, while still remaining confident in their content's backward and future compatibility."

In the late 1990s, many considered that the future of HTML lay in the creation of a version adhering to the syntax rules of XML.[2] The then current version of HTML, HTML 4, was ostensibly an application of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML); however the specification for SGML was complex, and neither web browsers nor the HTML 4 Recommendation were fully conformant with it.[3] By shifting the underlying base from SGML to the simpler XML, HTML would become compatible with common XML tools.[4] Servers and proxies would be able to transform content, as necessary, for constrained devices such as mobile phones.[5]